2. Mass
The equations that govern the transfer of energy from one object to another in the form of movement will look like 1/2 * Mass * Velocity^2 (which is speed for all intents and purposes).
If you hit the ball more than halfway above the center you will lose some energy, the higher above the less energy will transfer. If you are directly above it, basically none will.
As far as punching air resistance can be significant, if you keep a fist it can be less effective than having your hand flat and then closing at the last moment.
To increase the mass that casues this you A. Lift weights, or B. Punch/Kick will more than the muscle in the arm.
For a punch you would actually throw your body weight into it.
This can increase the effective power of your punch by several times what it is.
For kicks it is the same, though for a ball I am not sure how you would want to do this.
If you can significantly increase the speed that you do these, it is technically more effective than increasing the mass, however you can't normally increase the speed very much at a time.
The mass will increase the output for every one unit you put into it.
The speed will square the result.
Hope that helps.
Squats, leg extensions, dips, chest press, 1 armed push ups, shoulder press, incline press, tricep push downs. All of these will increase punching n kicking power
The power in a punch should come from your legs and hips so bend your legs then extend them at the same time, twist your hips so the punching arm in forward.
get a 300 pound heavy bag to hit and train like a zombie and learn how to hit it properly and learn how to follow threw with your hips and legs
lately i have been playing soccer at school i can kick the ball very hard and far but i still feel weak compared to the rest. Me and my friend always punch each other for no reason and it just feels like i punch so soft is there anyway to increase my punching and kicking strength btw we don't always play with a soccer ball we usually play in the hallways with a soft ball and i am having trouble kicking that ball as hard as i can, it just rolls as if someone pushed it. So if there is anyway tof increaseing my punching and kicking strength pls tell me